The mosque is situated on al-Rashid Street and is located in the Haydar-Khana locality surrounded by buildings, shrines, and cafés.

[2][3] The mosque is an important historic landmark that reflect the society of Baghdad, intellectual gatherings, and fueling enthusiasm for demonstrations.

[5] It is also a great symbol for Iraqis because it was the center of national events of the religious, political and social diversity of the region.

[11] The Mosque is situated in the Haydar-Khana neighborhood, located at the beginning of al-Rashid Street near the side of al-Maidan Square.

[16]The enthusiasm and national spirit was running high during the gatherings, these were noted by Musa al-Shabandar when he visited the mosque during Mawlid.

On June 24, 1920, a large demonstration was held in the mosque, where the poet Isa Abd al-Qadir read a poem in which he called for the solidarity and unity of Iraq.

The mosque was also inhabited by prominent personalities such as Nuri al-Said, al-Rusafi, Mohammed al-Shabibi, al-Zahawi, and Said Qazzaz.

[6][18] An example of a demonstration in the mosque was when Ja'far Abu al-Timman boycotted the Iraqi elections of 1930 in protest against the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty.

[23] After the US Invasion of Iraq in 2003, many of the heritage sites and landmarks of Baghdad are currently suffering from neglect and encroachment and the Haydar-Khana Mosque is one of them despite its importance and significant role in Iraqi society.

[5] In August 2019, controversy surfaced over pictures by the Iraqi makeup artist and model Jehan Hashim that depict her posing inside the mosque.

While some Iraqis on social media didn't see the act as controversial, the Sunni Endowment Office announced that it was about to file a complaint against her and would launch an investigation.

She also stated "I do not feel that what I did was a mistake, and I was wearing the hijab and a long and modest robe, as I have love for all religions, and I did not expect that my behavior would be disturbing.

[28] The main big dome, which rests on eight windows that make a cupola, is covered with arabesque motifs and inscriptions decorated using Kashi blue tiles.

[25] Under the big dome in the summer chapel, there's a mihrab made of colored bricks, and on either side of it are panels with pointed arches and writings in square Kufic script.

[26]The comic book The Sandman features a story (issue 50, "Ramadan") taking place in Baghdad in which a similar looking mosque can be seen on the seventh page.