Health in Montenegro
The country is bordered by Croatia, the Adriatic Sea, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo and Albania.
[1] The most common health issues faced are non-communicable diseases accounting for 95% of all deaths.
[2] Other health areas of interest are alcohol consumption, which is the most prevalent disease of addiction within Montenegro[3] and smoking.
[8] When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Montenegro achieves 100.0% of what is expected based on its current income.
[9] In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 92.9% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income.
[12] In 2012, the National strategy to prevent harmful use of alcohol and alcohol-related disorders in Montenegro, was developed and published.
[12] Areas of priority in the strategy include: Montenegro has one of the highest tobacco-usage rates across Europe.
[13] One of the precautions Montenegro has enforced to reduce tobacco use is its ban on smoking in public indoor spaces.
The law will ban smoking in all public places such as restaurants, and cafes (however excludes casinos), and violation results in a fine ranging from $560 to $22,370.
[4] In 2016, 1% of mortality was accounted to communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions.
[2] Neonatal disorders are the communicable disease that causes the most premature death in Montenegro.
Ischemic heart disease caused the second most number of deaths in Montenegro from 2007 to 2017.
In this period, premature deaths caused by lung cancer increased by 8%.
[14] The key cardiovascular disease risk factors are Cancer accounted for 1,287 deaths in Montenegro in 2018, 753 in males and 534 in females.
The five most frequent cancers for both sexes are; breast, lung, colorectal, prostate, bladder.
The five most frequent cancers for males are; lung, prostate, colorectal, larynx, bladder.
It assisted in refining and redefining the laws Montenegro already possessed and aligning these better with the European union and World Health Organisation Standards.
It involves a multi-sectorial approach, where free milk and fruit meals are distributed to elementary school children weekly.
[21] The following policies and actions are in place to assist in areas surrounding nutrition:[24] In 2018, the life expectancy at birth is 76.77.
[28] Over the past several years, mortality rates for both male and female adults has decreased.
[30] The current, 2020 mortality rate of infants in Montenegro is 2.586 deaths per 1000 live births.
Typhoid is recommended for those travellers who are likely to eat in places other than major food chains and hotels.
[32] Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is also recommended for those who have not already received 2 doses.
Rabies is suggested for travellers who are at a high risk of animal contact (including dogs, bats, and other carnivores).
[34] Tick-borne encephalitis is a risk, particularly within forests, fields and country environments.
Contributions of employer's and employee's entitles citizens to health care.
