Born in The Hague to an old Norman family, Fouqué was the second son of a Huguenot nobleman who had emigrated from France as a result of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
When Frederick acceded to the throne in 1740, he induced Fouqué's return by promoting him to Oberst on 26 July, making him commander of the newly created Füsilier-Regiments Nr.
In 1757, during the Seven Years' War, Fouqué hanged the Catholic priest Andreas Faulhaber for allegedly inciting Glatz's garrison to desert.
[8] When Frederick ordered the general to advance again, 8,000 troops under Fouqué were defeated in the resulting Battle of Landeshut on 23 July.
[citation needed] Wounded thrice by sabres, Fouqué would have died if not for his hostler, Trautschke, who alerted the Austrian dragoons they were attacking a commanding officer.
Needing to use a wheelchair and believing himself dishonored by the defeat at Landeshut, Fouqué refused Frederick's offer to return to Glatz and instead retired to Brandenburg an der Havel.