Helian Chang

Helian Chang (Chinese: 赫連昌; died 434), courtesy name Huanguo (還國), nickname Zhe (折), was the second and penultimate emperor of the Hu Xia dynasty of China.

After his father's death in 425, he tried to expand Hu Xia's territory further, but soon his state began to collapse in light of pressure from the rival Northern Wei dynasty.

In 427, his capital Tongwan (統萬, in modern Yulin, Shaanxi) fell to Northern Wei forces, and in 428 he himself was captured.

In 416, after Helian Bobo had captured the Later Qin city Yinmi (陰密, in modern Pingliang, Gansu), he commissioned Helian Chang as the governor of Yong Province (雍州, roughly modern central and northern Shaanxi, but at that point still mostly in Later Qin hands) to defend Yinmi.

Helian Chang's responsibility was to cut off Tong Gate (潼關, in modern Tongguan County, Weinan, Shaanxi), so that Jin forces could not escape.

In 426, with Western Qin's prince Qifu Chipan attacking Northern Liang, Northern Liang's prince Juqu Mengxun sent messengers to persuade Helian Chang to attack the Western Qin capital Fuhan (枹罕, in modern Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu).

Helian Chang, in response, sent his general Hulu Gu (呼盧古) to attack Wanchuan (苑川, in modern Baiyin, Gansu) and Wei Fa (韋伐) to attack Nan'an (南安, in modern Dingxi, Gansu), and while Western Qin was able to hold Wanchuan, Nan'an fell, at great loss.

In winter 426, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei crossed the frozen Yellow River and made a surprise attack at Tongwan.

On winter solstice, Helian Chang was holding a feast for his officials to celebrate, and suddenly, with Northern Wei forces on the horizon, the entire Xia regime was shaken.

However, Helian Chang then received misinformation that Northern Wei forces were out of food supplies and vulnerable.

Helian Chang was so panicked by the loss that he did not retreat back to Tongwan, but fled to Shanggui (上邽, in modern Tianshui, Gansu).

In spring 428, with Daxi's subordinate Yuchi Juan (尉遲眷) sieging Shanggui, Helian Chang withdrew to Pingliang.

Helian Chang was delivered to the Northern Wei capital Pingcheng (平城, in modern Datong, Shanxi).