The flame chub (Hemitremia flammea) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae found only in the United States.

The flame chub can be characterized by a deep caudal peduncle, short head and snout, small slightly subterminal mouth, and a barely compressed body.

White to red below, with bright scarlet along anterior third of body and at base of dorsal fin in large fish (primarily males) and silver peritoneum flecked with black.

[6] While often cited by literature that the flame chub inhabits spring-fed streams, shallow seepage waters, and springs, usually over gravel in areas of abundant aquatic vegetation,[7][3] substrate the species found over can vary from bedrock to rubble to mud and may be found in areas of low flow near the bank of large streams.

[7][5] Due to the fragile nature of springs and their tributaries, human expansion has caused further disjunction in the range of this already narrow endemic species.

[6] In 1990, Sossamon recorded that a flame chub population in east Tennessee was normally found associated with aquatic vegetation such as swamp smartweed, small pondweed, and watercress.

[11] Gravel is a very important factor in the breeding patterns of these fish, as it is necessary for filtration of extremely clean water as well as bottom stability for a species that spends a lot of its time in the benthos area of the stream.

[1] A study done near Chattanooga, Tennessee showed that where oxygen levels were high, and where well-forested rocky watersheds were found, that the density of the Flame Chub as well as similar fish were much higher.