In 1811, Rottembourg was promoted to general of brigade and fought in the French invasion of Russia in 1812 before being sent home to organize units of the Imperial Guard.

In 1814, he led a Young Guard division at La Rothière, Mormant, Second Bar-sur-Aube and Laubressel.

During the Bourbon Restoration he held several interior posts and was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor.

He distinguished himself under Louis-Gabriel Suchet in the retreat to the Var River in April and May 1800, winning promotion to major (chef de bataillon) on 28 August 1800.

[1] On 22 December 1803, Rottembourg transferred to the 56th Line Infantry Regiment as a major and on 25 March 1804 became a member of the Legion of Honor.

[1] During the War of the Fifth Coalition Rottembourg led the 108th Line in Louis Friant's 2nd Division in Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout's III Corps.

[1] At the Battle of Bautzen on 20–21 May 1813, Rottembourg commanded a brigade in Pierre Barrois' 2nd Young Guard Division.

[9] During the early fighting on 21 May, Barrois' division was ordered to support the attack of Marshal Auguste de Marmont's corps in the center.

[10] Late in the afternoon, the massed divisions of the Imperial Guard were used to break the Allies' resistance.

[11] At the Battle of Leipzig on 16–19 October 1813, Rottembourg led a brigade in Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial's 4,664-strong 2nd Old Guard Division.

[4][1] At the beginning of January 1814, Rottembourg's division was organized into two brigades under Jean-Joseph Marguet and Jean-Louis Charrière.

[17] At the Battle of La Rothière on 1 February 1814, the Allies had 113,000 troops available, but only 85,000 and 200 guns were engaged thanks to Austrian Field Marshal Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg's hesitancy.

[18] In the evening, Napoleon ordered Marshal Nicolas Oudinot to recapture La Rothière using Rottembourg's division.

However, on the other side, it encountered an Austrian brigade and a Russian grenadier division which recaptured the village again.

At 8:00 pm, the division's survivors reformed 500 paces north of La Rothière, the scene lit only by burning houses.

[23] At the Battle of Mormant on 17 February 1814, the front line consisted of Victor's corps and Étienne Maurice Gérard's Paris Reserve.

[25] In the Battle of Bar-sur-Aube on 27 February 1814, Rottembourg's division was initially deployed in the second line and later fought on the left flank.

After a struggle against superior numbers, Rottembourg's division withdrew from Laubressel in good order.

Subsequently, the division, which was part of Jean Rapp's V Corps, retreated through Haguenau into Strasbourg.

He was named president of the committee of infantry on 7 November 1821 and assumed command of the Eastern Pyrenees Division on 12 February 1823.

King Charles X of France appointed Rottembourg head of the 16th Military Division at Lille and awarded him the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor.