Henry Allen Foster (May 7, 1800 – May 11, 1889) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

He served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1837 to 1839 and was briefly a United States senator from 1844 to 1845.

He was admitted to the bar in 1822, and commenced practice in Rome, New York.

He was Surrogate Judge of Oneida County from 1827 to 1831, and from 1835 to 1839, and Rome's Town Supervisor from 1829 to 1830, and from 1833 to 1834.

He was appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Silas Wright, and served from November 30, 1844, to January 27, 1845, when a successor was elected by the State Legislature.