[5] On January 26, 2011, President Barack Obama nominated Floyd to serve on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.

[2][8] On 28 July 2014, Floyd, in a 2–1 ruling joined by Judge Roger Gregory in Bostic v. Schaefer, struck down Virginia's ban on same-sex marriage as unconstitutional.

In a 2-1 decision, the court ruled for Gavin Grimm, a transgender man who had sued the Gloucester County School Board in Virginia who had prohibited him from using the boys' bathroom.

We join a growing consensus of courts in holding that the answer is resoundingly yes.”[11][12] On September 5, 2019, Judge Floyd dissented in United States v.

[13] In a 2-1 decision, the court ruled that police officers could lawfully stop a group of African-American men walking within a field, in a "high-crime" area, after hearing gunshots and without a warrant.