Henry Franklin Thomas (December 17, 1843 – April 16, 1912) was an American physician and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.

He served two terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1893 to 1897 Thomas was born in Tompkins Township, Michigan and attended the common schools and Albion College of Albion, Michigan in 1859.

He enlisted in 1862 during the American Civil War as a private in the Seventh Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Cavalry.

Eight years later, he was elected as a Republican from Michigan's 4th congressional district to the 53rd United States Congress.

He died in Allegan and is interred in Oak Hill Cemetery in Ann Arbor.