Henry Lloyd (soldier)

[Printed for Private Circulation] 1842: Marchant, Singer, and Smith, Printers, Ingram Court " [copy in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge] states he was born in Wrecsam (Wrexham).

He left the army to carry dispatches to rebels in Wales and then surveyed the south coast of England (disguised as a clergyman) in anticipation of a French invasion.

He was arrested as a suspected spy and taken to London, but his release was procured by John Drummond and Lloyd returned to France.

[1] He then joined the Austrian army as a lieutenant-colonel, and was a quartermaster on the staff of Field Marshal Franz Moritz von Lacy during the first stages of the Seven Years' War.

After being promoted to major-general, Lloyd changed allegiances in 1760 and joined the Prussian army, serving under Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick.

In 1763, he tried to join the Portuguese forces, who were preparing to defend themselves against Spain but the conflict ended before he was able to secure a post with Count Wilhelm Schaumburg-Lippe.

He also fought for Russia against Sweden, but is said to have left the Russian army after being refused the award of the Order of St Anne because he was not of noble birth.

These writings led to Lloyd being regarded by James Jay Carafano as "the father of the principles of modern warfare".

He was influenced by French military theory and also Enlightenment philosophy that human behaviour could be predicted using rational rules, having studied in 1759 with the Milanese philosopher Pietro Verri.