Henry Luke Bolley (February 1, 1865 – November 9, 1956) was an American botanist and plant pathologist known for his work that led to the control or eradication of several major crop diseases.

In his first year at NDAC, he isolated the organism responsible for potato scab and developed an effective treatment.

His breeding work led to the development of the resistant strain "Bison Flax", which was planted widely and made North Dakota one of the world's major flax-producing regions.

In 1890, Bolley challenged the University of North Dakota to a football match, but did not have enough players to field an NDAC team until 1894.

In that year, Bolley's "Farmers" (not "Bison" until 1922) defeated the UND football squad twice, 20–4 and 22–4, starting a rivalry which continues today.