Henry Montagu Butler (2 July 1833 – 14 January 1918) was an English academic and clergyman, who served as headmaster of Harrow School (1860–85), Dean of Gloucester (1885–86) and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge (1886–1918).

A talented and versatile Latinist, Butler achieved fame as one of the most adept British composers of Latin and Greek verse in the 19th and 20th centuries.

[2] Shane Leslie[3] described him as "the Master of Trinity, a bland Olympian in a black skull-cap with a white Jovine beard and an untiring flow of the lengthy anecdotes that are told in Heaven after the nectar has gone round twice.” Butler's desk was donated to Duke Hospital by Dr. William John Dann in March 1938.

A. C. Benson recounted how Butler fell asleep during a College meeting and awoke with the emphatic observation, "A strong case, tellingly put".

Firstly, on 19 December 1861, to Georgina Isabella Elliot (1839–1883), with issue: Secondly, in August 1888 at St George's, Hanover Square, aged 55, Butler married Agnata Frances Ramsay (1867–1931), a 21-year-old classicist who in 1887 attained the highest marks in the Classical Tripos at Cambridge.