Henry Thomas Petty-Fitzmaurice, 4th Marquess of Lansdowne KG (7 January 1816 – 5 July 1866), styled Lord Henry Petty-FitzMaurice until 1836 and Earl of Shelburne between 1836 and 1863, was a British politician.

In 1856, he was called up to the House of Lords in his father's barony of Wycombe and was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs under Lord Palmerston from that year until 1858.

On the death of his father in 1863, Lord Shelburne succeeded to his titles and was made a Knight of the Garter a year later.

On 18 August 1840, he married Lady Georgiana Herbert (a daughter of the 11th Earl of Pembroke), but she died six months later.

He then married Comtesse Emily de Flahault (the eldest daughter of Charles Joseph, comte de Flahaut and the 2nd Baroness Keith) on 1 November 1843 in Vienna and they had three children: Lord Lansdowne died suddenly from an attack of apoplexy on 5 July 1866;[3] his titles were inherited by his eldest son, Henry.