Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (September 24,[citation needed] 1769 – October 24, 1827) was a planter and politician, who served one month in 1824 as the fourth Governor of Louisiana.

He is thought to have been born either in Albany, New York, or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Alexis Thibodeaux and Marie Anne Blanchard of Nicolet, Quebec, Acadian refugees who were expelled from their homeland by the British after they defeated the French in the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in the United States).

[1] Thibodaux was orphaned (his family was thought to have been deported from Pennsylvania) and adopted by General Philip Schuyler, an American Revolutionary War hero.

Thibodeaux (spelling changed to Thibodaux) was married twice, first to a Cajun woman, Félicité Bonvillain, who bore him three children before she died a few years later.

Thibodaux was campaigning for the elected seat of governor in 1827 when he died on October 24, while touring near Bayou Terrebonne.