Henry Wharton Conway (March 18, 1793 – November 9, 1827) was a United States naval officer during the War of 1812 and a politician in Arkansas Territory, who was elected as a territorial delegate (1823–1827) to the United States House of Representatives for three consecutive congresses.

He died in 1827 as a result of wounds from a duel with Robert Crittenden, a former friend and political ally.

During the War of 1812, Conway was commissioned as an Ensign in the United States Navy, and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1813.

Having saved money for his journey, the following year he joined the migration West to the Missouri Territory.

There he became active in territorial politics, forming a friendship and an alliance with Robert Crittenden.