Madeleine was the widow of his elder brother, Louis VII de Rohan-Guéméné.

His first son Louis, was the Prince of Guéméné and thus the head of the surviving main line of the House of Rohan; his eldest daughter, Marie was later a woman of great personal charm who placed herself at the center of many of the intrigues of the first half of the 17th century in France.

She married Charles d'Albert, Duke of Luynes, a favourite of King Louis XIII, and had issue.

François founded the Soubise line of the Rohan's and married his cousin Anne de Rohan-Chabot (later mistress of Louis XIV) and Anne, his youngest child married Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes, her nephew by her older sister Marie.

Hercule was riding in the carriage with Henri IV when the king was assassinated by François Ravaillac on 14 May 1610.