Broadband
[1] The ideal telecommunication network has the following characteristics: broadband, multi-media, multi-point, multi-rate and economical implementation for a diversity of services (multi-services).
In that year, at the World Trade Organization Biannual Conference called “Financial Solutions to Digital Divide” in Seattle, the term “Meaningful Broadband” was introduced to the world leaders, leading to the activation of a movement to close the digital divide.
[6] Personal computing facilitated easy access, manipulation, storage, and exchange of information, and required reliable data transmission.
Communicating documents by images and the use of high-resolution graphics terminals provided a more natural and informative mode of human interaction than do voice and data alone.
High-definition entertainment video improves the quality of pictures, but requires much higher transmission rates.
[9] A multimedia call may communicate audio, data, still images, or full-motion video, or any combination of these media.
Offering future services thus requires flexible management of the connection and media requests of a multipoint, multimedia communication call.
Thus a network transporting both video and audio signals may have to integrate traffic with a very broad range of bit-rates.
CATV (cable television), HDTV (high definition television), VoIP (voice over internet protocol), and broadband internet are some of the most common applications now being supported by fibre optic networks, in some cases directly to the home (FTTh – Fibre To The Home).
This broad band is often divided into channels or "frequency bins" using passband techniques to allow frequency-division multiplexing instead of sending a higher-quality signal.
In the late 1980s, the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) used the term to refer to a broad range of bit rates, independent of physical modulation details.
Many computer networks use a simple line code to transmit one type of signal using a medium's full bandwidth using its baseband (from zero through the highest frequency needed).
[17][18] The DOCSIS standard became available to consumers in the late 1990s, to provide Internet access to cable television residential customers.
[19] "Broadband" in analog video distribution is traditionally used to refer to systems such as cable television, where the individual channels are modulated on carriers at fixed frequencies.
In 2014, researchers at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology made developments on the creation of ultra-shallow broadband optical instruments.
[24][25] A range of more precise definitions of speed have been prescribed at times, including: Broadband Internet service in the United States was effectively treated or managed as a public utility by net neutrality rules[30][31][32][33][34] until being overturned by the FCC in December 2017.
[35] A number of national and international regulators categorize broadband connections according to upload and download speeds, stated in Mbit/s (megabits per second).
In Australia, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission also requires Internet Service Providers to quote speed during night time and busy hours [44] Bandwidth has historically been very unequally distributed worldwide, with increasing concentration in the digital age.
