[2] After graduating from the University of Tokyo (UTokyo) in 1956, he began his career as an engineer at Mitsubishi Shipbuilding.

He coined the term 'modern evils' to describe the unwanted outcomes that human efforts for a better world have created.

[4] He maintains that addressing this issue requires this new perspective, which bridges fragmented academic disciplines to synthesise new solutions and artificial objects.

We are now in an age of global environmental degradation and global warming, resulting in an increase in natural disasters, epidemics worldwide, intensifying conflicts and increasing inequalities, and the outbreak of horrific wars that take many lives, filling the world with countless challenges.

The results of this work will provide advice to actors in society, and action to solve difficult problems will be generated, supported by many fields of study.