In the history of Baghdad, the period from 1831 to 1917 began with the fall of the Mamluk state of Iraq in 1831 after the Ottoman Empire occupied the city.
[1] It ended with the Fall of Baghdad on 11 March 1917 after the British Empire occupied the city during the First World War.
Ali Rıza Pasha was a first Ottoman Governor of Baghdad, and Khalil Pasha was the last.
[2]