History of Croatian currency

[4] An Arabic travel writer Abu Hamid al-Gharnati recorded in 1154 that a "land of Slavs" near the Danube used actual marten pelts embroidered with royal markings as currency, but did not specify the exact extent of the territory; because he also separately described travels in Hungary proper, it is assumed today that he meant the areas known as Slavonia at the time, a southern part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

[6] Andrew II of Hungary, at a time when he was the ruler of Slavonia (contemporary name for what is now most of continental Croatia), minted what is known as the first Croatian frizatik between 1196 and 1204.

[7] The rulers from the Capetian House of Anjou such as Charles I Robert had started changing this policy as early as 1323.

[7] In 1443, Frederick III of Habsburg granted the privilege of coining money to Stjepan II Frankopan, and to Jan Vitovec, both Bans of Croatia.

[7] At the start of the 15th century (1400–1500), coastal Croatia came under increasing attack by the Ottoman Empire, which wanted to take control of it from the Republic of Venice.

Venice succeeded in maintaining control over the current Croatian territory except for the city-state of Dubrovnik, which became independent during this time,[8] and minted and refined their own coinage over the span of five years.

During this five-year span, other Croatian coastal towns, Zadar, Šibenik, Trogir, Split and Hvar also minted their own similar coinage.

[1] In the Austrian Empire, in 1848 Josip Jelačić was appointed Ban of Croatia, and he issued a combination of coins and banknotes during his time as ruler.

[9] From 1941–1945 during World War II in Yugoslavia, the Independent State of Croatia officially adopted the Kuna as the currency for the first time on 26 July 1941.

[16] In the process of accession of Croatia to the European Union, the government decided to eventually replace the kuna with the euro (€, EUR).

Following the entry into the ERM II regime in 2020, a fixed conversion rate was set at 1 € = 7.53450 kn in 2022, which was the final year for the kuna as Croatia replaced it with the euro on 1 January 2023.

State-owned finance agency Fina, Hrvatska pošta and all banks in Croatia will be exchanging kuna coins and notes to euro at no charge for 12 months since the introduction of euro, and Croatian National Bank will do the same for coins until the end of 2025 and notes indefinitely.