Miao folk religion

Although most Hmong people are able to continue to practice kev dab qhuas, due to the many influences of geographical locations, much of kev dab qhuas has incorporated other religious practices such as: Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism,[4] the broader Chinese religion, especially the emphasis on the pattern of the forces of the natural universe and the need of human life to be in accordance with these forces,[4] and many more.

It has been said that Yawm Saub can be called in or interfere times of need and can manifest in points of crisis throughout the course of history[6] Nplooj Lwg ('Blong Lue') who is, according to the Hmong legend, the frog who created heaven and earth.

[9][10] Nyuj Vaj Tuam Teem ('Nyu Va Tua Teng') who is the Lord of the Other World, determining life, death and reincarnation or rest in heaven depending on what the person has done while living.

Niam Nkauj Kab Yeeb ('Nia Gao Ka Ying') is the deity who watches over spiritual babies in the sky and if prayed to her, she can send children your way.

[11] They are involved in some shamanic practices[8] and according to Hmong folklore, can come in times of dire by visiting in dream form or astral projection to provide guidance.

Those categorized as Nature Spirits are: Ntxwg Nyug ('Zue Nyuu') which is a generic name often used in traditional stories to refer to a spiritual land entity.

While Ntxwj Nyug is an indigenous deity, Nyuj Vaj Tuam Teem is thought to derive from the Jade Lord of Taoism.

Nkauj Hnub ('Gao Ńu') and Nraug Hlis ('Ńdao Hli') "Lady Sun" and "Lord Moon" whose love were spilt in order for the world to coexist together.

[3][11] The Hmong also practice looj mem, like the Chinese feng shui[5] which is used to determine place of best birthing boys or girls.

[11] They also call on the forces of the cosmos to help them, such as the creator, Saub, the First Couple, Pog Ntxoog, Lady Sun and Lord Moon (Nkauj Hnub Nraug Hli), the seven stars of the Pleiades, and occasionally animal spirits.

[19] It is believed that these tiers represent Siv Yis' grotto near the top of the holy mountain, above a pool near of which grows the flower of immortality.

[18] Along with the shaman alter, the Hmong household altar is dedicated primarily to the Dab Xwm Kab (spirit of good fortune).

[1] On the last day of the Old Year, rice is offered to the ancestors, with a sacrificed chicken, and a soul-calling (hu plig) ritual is held.

Religious rituals involving the respect of spirits and ancestors are performed by the patriarch of each family or the spiritual leader of a clan or a cluster of male relatives.

[5] The body (cev) is a microcosm believed to be constructed by a number of soul parts (plig or ntsuj) that mirror the macrocosm.