The most popular sense of the term is associated with Americans in rural or southeastern parts of the country, particularly Appalachia.
In the early days of the Western square dance revival (the 1940s and early 1950s), most hoedowns were traditional fiddle tunes; since the late 1950s, recordings of simple chord progressions, with no discernible melody, have also been sold to callers under the name "hoedown."
The most famous hoedown in classical music is the section entitled "Hoe-Down" from the Rodeo ballet by Aaron Copland (1942).
Additionally, the jazz musician Oliver Nelson performed a jazz-infused variation written by himself entitled "Hoe-Down" on his album The Blues and the Abstract Truth.
[1] In spring of 2024, pop singer Beyoncé released the song “Texas Hold ‘Em” which references a hoedown in its chorus.