The settlement was named after John Holliday, who built a log cabin in a valley (or "cove", in local terminology) on Harmon's Creek in 1776.
Two years earlier, Colonel Van Swearingen led a dozen soldiers by longboat down the Ohio to help rescue the inhabitants of Ft. Henry in Wheeling in a siege by the British and Indian tribes in 1777.
That mission was memorialized in a WPA-era mural painted on the wall of the Cove Post Office by Charles S. Chapman (1879–1962).
The mural features Col. John Bilderback, who later gained infamy as the leader of the massacre of the Moravian Indians in Gnadenhutten in 1782.
[3] In April 1909 the Phillips Sheet and Tin Plate Company of Clarksburg (Ernest T. Weir, President) bought 105 acres (0.42 km2) of apple orchard north of Hollidays Cove.