On 19 August 1936, the Spanish poet Federico García Lorca was murdered by fascist militia forces.
[3] The work is scored for a chamber orchestra of piccolo, E♭ clarinet, two trumpets, trombone, tuba, tamtam, xylophone, piano, two violins, and double bass.
Over this texture, wind instruments present the thematic material, "at once sad and gay, in a light contrapuntal passage of the greatest transparency".
[5] The second movement, Duelo, is written in a style close to the Andalusian martinetes sung by miners and prisoners awaiting sentence.
In imitation of the characteristic hammer-and-anvil accompaniment, Revueltas wrote a major-second ostinato for xylophone and pizzicato double bass, over which the trumpet plays a mournful melody in C♯ minor.