The honeycomb cowfish (Acanthostracion polygonius), is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes.

The honeycomb cowfish was first formally described as Acanthostracion polygonius in 1876 by the Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey with Cuba given as its type locality.

[3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Acanthostracion in the within the family Ostraciidae in the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes.

[4] The honeycomb cowfish is classified within the genus Acanthostracion, this name combines acanthus, which means "spine" or "thorn", with ostracion.

Bleeker originally proposed this taxon as a subgenus of the genus Ostracion The Specific name, polygonius, means "many angled", a reference to the hexagonal patterning on the carapce of this fish.

[6][2] The honeycomb cowfish lives in warm, clear waters near coral reefs, sea grass beds, and in estuaries.