A youth product of his hometown club CFR Cluj, Moldovan briefly represented several sides during the first part of his career before becoming a starter at Rapid București in 2021.

[1] Moldovan spent a large part of his junior career at his hometown side CFR Cluj, but did not make his senior debut there and was instead loaned out to Hermannstadt, Voința Turnu Măgurele, and Energeticianul, respectively.

On 6 January 2021, Moldovan moved to Liga II side Rapid București on a one-and-a-half-year contract,[3] establishing himself as a regular starter.

After Rapid's promotion to the top tier, he played 37 league matches and kept 11 clean sheets in the 2021–22 season, his consistency aiding the team to finish ninth overall.

[13] However, he lost his starter status to Florin Niță due to his complete lack of playing time at Atlético Madrid, as the country won its group but was eliminated by the Netherlands in the round of 16.