Meanwhile Horton and the Oxfordshire part of Studley had been separated from Beckley to form the civil parish of Horton-cum-Studley.

[3] Horton's toponym is derived from Old English horu 'dirt' and tūn 'settlement, farm, estate', presumably meaning 'farm on muddy soil'.

However, the Domesday Book of 1086 has no separate entry for Horton[3] as it had been part of the manor of Beckley since before the Norman Conquest of England.

Until the Norman conquest of England the manor of Beckley was one of many that belonged to Saxon Wigod, thegn of Wallingford.

The Domesday Book in 1086 recorded that Roger d'Ivry held the manor, which was assessed at two hides.

[5] Under the Dissolution of the Monasteries Studley Priory surrendered its lands to the Crown in November 1539, which sold them off in February 1540.

Sir George died in 1642, leaving his estates to his wife for the remainder of her life, with reversion to their son Thomas and thence to other members of their immediate family.

Thomas Croke was a Royalist in the English Civil War so Parliament sequestered his estates in 1644, but they were discharged in 1646.

Alexander became a maritime lawyer and was the senior justice of the vice admiralty courts of Nova Scotia from 1801: a term of office that included the War of 1812 against the USA.

[3] Before the English Reformation the Preceptory of the Knights Hospitaller at Sandford-on-Thames held land at Marlake.

The house's plan is irregular, which suggests that parts of the Benedictine priory buildings were absorbed into it.

[3] About 1639 Sir George Croke had the north wing of Studley Priory converted into a chapel.

Villagers worshipped at the new Priory chapel, and the residents of the almshouses (see below) were duty bound to do so or else half of their weekly allowance would be stopped.

[3] The present St Barnabas' parish church was designed by the Gothic Revival architect William Butterfield and built in 1867.

[6] Early in the 19th century there were a number of Protestant Nonconformists in Horton and Studley, and some of their homes were licensed for them to worship in.

[3] Sir George Croke established the Studley Almshouse Charity in 1631 by an indenture that gave it an income from land at Easington, Buckinghamshire.

After Essex withdrew, a Royalist force from Woodperry returned and drove the sheep off Horton Common.

[7] A map of 1641 shows that by then inclosure had embraced at least two thirds of the Manor of Studley: 670 acres (270 ha).

[3] Horton-cum-Studley has a public house, formerly known as the Kings Arms, now trading as The Otmoor Lodge Hotel Bar Restaurant.