Hossein Fatemi (Persian: حسین فاطمی; also Romanized as Hoseyn Fātemi; 10 February 1917 – 10 November 1954) was an Iranian scholar.

[1] A close associate of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, he proposed nationalization of Iranian oil and gas assets.

After the 1953 coup d'état toppled the government of Mosaddegh, Fatemi was arrested, tortured,[2] and convicted by a military court of "treason against the Shah", and executed by a firing squad.

[6] From its founding in 1949, Fatemi was an active member of the Iranian National Front, the democratic and nationalist movement of Mosaddegh.

[8] Fatemi was one of 19 Mosaddegh supporters who organized a protest at the Marble Palace in October 1949 after they could not secure a seat in the Parliament in the elections.

Just before the coup d'état the Western publications, including Newsweek, reported that Fatemi was one of communists who were dangerous threats for Iran.

Fatemi was arrested by a Royalist group of officers and soldiers who were in such a hurry that he was not allowed to put shoes on, but he was eventually released and went directly to Mosaddegh's residence.

[4] In the evening of that same day, Fatemi, in a fiery editorial in his newspaper Bakhtar-e Emruz and a public speech, denounced the Shah as "capricious and bloodthirsty", a "servant of the British", and a "thief of Baghdad".

"[23] Fatemi was executed by firing squad at Ghasr barracks at 6 am on 10 November 1954 in Tehran,[19][22] when he was still suffering from fever and the injuries of the unsuccessful attempt of assassination on him by Fadayan-e Islam.

President Nasser of Egypt was influenced by the earlier example of Fatemi's thesis carried out by Mossadegh when he nationalized the Suez canal.