[6][7] Ronaghi was quietly arrested along with his brother Hassan on December 13, 2009, for renewing proxies that allowed journalists and political activists to circumvent the government's website bans following last year's contested presidential elections.

[8] Ronaghi and his brother were subjected to severe physical and mental pressure in the prison to the extent that, according to his family, Hassan was injured in the back of his neck due to torture.

On March 15, 2010, Kayhan whose editor-in-chief is representative of the Supreme Leader of Iran, published a report about Ronaghi and made heavy accusations against this articles.

On November 20, 2010, Ronaghi's case, that faced objections from his lawyers, was sent to the Court of Appeals, and on December 11, 2010, the sentence of 15 years of ta'zir imprisonment (it is the kind of imprisonment where the convict cannot pay a fine instead of serving his full prison sentence) for Hossein Ronaghi was approved by the 54th branch of the Court of Appeals, and he was sent to Section 350 of Evin Prison.

He went on an indefinite hunger strike following the intervention of Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in his case and preventing him from receiving sick leave in December 2011.

Physical abuse and torture, lack of medical treatment, and the effects of several hunger strikes led to Ronaghi's kidney failure.

[27] Amnesty International designated Ronaghi a prisoner of conscience, stating that he appeared to be "held solely on account of his peaceful exercise of his right to freedom of expression".

[6][33] The day before his arrest, he had criticized a plan to restrict the Internet in Iran, known as the Cyberspace service regulation system, in a series of tweets.

In a conversation with Harana news agency, some sources identified the organization responsible for the arrest of Hossein Ronaghi as the Ministry of Intelligence.

"[46] On March 3, 2022, Ronaghi was temporarily released on bail while the charges of "propaganda against the regime" and "congegrating and colluding against national security" remain in place for further proceedings.

While the TV host announced that Ronaghi has reportedly been arrested when closing the program, hours later, he published a video via a friend, informing the public that he had managed to escape a kidnapping attempt by security forces who had brought an ambulance to take him with, and used a brass knuckle to break his car's window.

His arresting video went viral on social media and his last shout-in-pain words became a symbol of anger of the Mahsa Amini protests against the police brutality.

Ronaghi started his dry strike from the beginning of entering the prison, and during this time, his family repeatedly expressed concern about his physical weakness.

Later on, it was reported that both of Ronaghi's legs have been broken, and one of his fingers dislocated without any medical help, and his body gets dragged inside the prison from his solitary confinement station to the interrogation room.

On November 3, he was transferred to Taleghani hospital for a few hours, through which it was determined that his kidney has lost 40% of its functionality and although his life is in immanent danger, he was moved back to Evin.

He was threatened by the head of Evin courthouse that he will face a fate similar to the late filmmaker and poet, Baktash Abtin, who was killed in prison as a result of medical deprivation.

[62] On November 12, imprisoned filmmakers Jafar Panahi and Mohammad Rasoulof expressed their concerns about the condition of Ronagi in a statement issued from Evin prison, noting that there is a possibility of his heart failure at any moment.

Additionally, Panahi and Rasoulof warned that Ronaghi has decided to go on a hunger strike starting Sunday, November 13, and that this decision means that his life is in serious danger.

[65] At the same time, Iran's Judiciary Media Center, by publishing a photo of Hossein Ronaghi, whose mother is also present at his bedside, described his physical condition as "good".

On the same day, in an interview with Radio Farda, Hossein Ronaghi's father called the report of the Islamic Republic's state media that his son was being treated as a "pure lie" and said that it was a game played by the interrogator and the prosecutor.

[66] On the evening of Saturday, November 26, Ronaghi was temporarily released on bail from Evin prison and transferred to a hospital in Tehran for treatment after 64 days of hunger strike.

Starting with "Women, Life, Freedom", In his post he wrote Mohammad Mohtari's poem "Quotation" from "Interior Makeup" book and ended his caption by writing "Write that I will forever stay in Iran and with Iranian people"[70] On the morning of Friday, November 15 2024, Hossein Ronaghi was arrested by the security forces on his way to the funeral ceremony of Kianoush Sanjari, his electronic devices were confiscated and he was released after a few hours.

[74] On November 28, 2022, following the Black Reward hacking group's access to the internal system of the Fars News Agency, this group published the audio file of the meeting between Ghasem Ghoreyshi, the deputy commander of the Basij, and media managers close to the IRGC and Basij on their Telegram account, in which the meeting Hossein Ronagi's situation in prison has also been discussed.

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