They are located 100 m (330 ft) apart, in a cliff on the slopes of the Alborz mountains in the village of Toroujen (currently called Shahid Abad), 5 km (3.1 mi) south-west of Behshahr in the Mazandaran province.

The two earliest cultures, present at around 9,910 to 7,240 years BCE are assumed to be seal hunters and vole eaters.

Kamarband cave is notable for three human skeletons discovered there, dating to approximately 9,000 years BCE.

Other finds include flint blades, walrus and deer bones, giving valuable information about human development from the ice age in the Mazandaran area.

[2] At Hotu Cave dwellers were identified as having Y-chromosome haplogroup J (xJ2a1b3, J2b2a1a1), with a more refined analysis putting it at J2a-PF5008*.