Hu (vessel)
The shape of hu probably derives from its ceramic prototype prior to the Shang dynasty (1600–1045 BC).
[5] The décor on the hu in the Shang period was dominated by taotie motif and leiwen thunder pattern.
Because this form of hu is still uncommon at this time, its appearance in the tomb probably marks the owner's wealth and social status.
In addition to the change in size, hu's previous taotie design was gradually replaced by other types of animal and geometric décor.
Powerful feudal lords barely paid allegiance to Zhou kings, whose domain drastically dwindled during this time.
With the rise of local power, the regional bronze making flourished on a large scale and played an important role in forming new styles.
[8] By the late Spring and Autumn period the decoration of the vessels in some regions had reflected the influence of animal style art from Central Asian nomads.
The sumptuous display of colors achieved by means of inlay became an essential feature of hu at this time.
[14] During this period the vessels were also usually offered in pairs, and increased dramatically in size over their Shang predecessors.
Two hu recovered from the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng were each 39 in (99 cm) high and weighed 529 lb (240 kg) apiece.
[15] Bronzes of all types, including hu, were given for a variety of occasions: as wedding gifts, funeral items, travel tokens, and even to commemorate real estate dealings.
During the Shang dynasty one hu would typically be offered, decorated with relatively simple taotie designs.
During the Zhou dynasty the style of the vessel changed, with taotie being replaced by "heavy, rounded relief figures on a plain ground".
Though, one example from the Late Zhou period shows the entire vessel covered with images that correspond with everyday life.
[19] By the late Spring and Autumn period the decoration of the vessels in some regions had changed to reflect the influence of animal style art from Central Asian nomads.
Hu of this type often used designs that were geometric versions of earlier Taotie motifs and employed copper inlay.
During the Warring States period the shape of the vessel was occasionally modified, taking on a more squared appearance.
The symbols in hu vessels also acted as protection against evil spirits and to being good fortune.
In one of the tomb, the hu vessel was kept at the foot of the deceased and it contained weapons and tools and there was no trace of food offerings.
The vertical flange in the center and horizontal divisions among registers clearly separate the decorative details into compartments.
