Under the Spanish, the area was settled in 1549 under direct orders of Martín López de Carvajal, a Conquistador originating from Extremadura, as well as one of the founders of Arequipa.

The climate in the region of Castilla Baja is very hot due to its narrowness and depth, in relation to the plain where the waters have undermined its basin.

The area is known locally for its archeologic heritage, such as the many petroglyphs found, as well as a nearby dinosaur-themed park, and nationally for its pisco production, with its many wineries being popular.

Touristic attractions include outdoor sports, such as rafting or hiking, or the local gastronomy, with many of its restaurants specializing in traditional Peruvian food.

Local festivities, such as the Virgen de Chapi or Our Lady of Mount Carmel are important in the area.