He was born March 30, 1904, in Renshou, Sichuan to an intellectual family.
After returning to China he taught at National Central University and Peking University, and served as director of the National Geological Survey, president of the Geological Society of China, director of the Southwest Geological Bureau, deputy director of the Academic Division of Earth Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy president of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.
In 1945 he pioneered to use the theory of polycyclic tectonic movement to treat the geotectonic characteristics of China.
The first geotectonic map of China was also compiled under his supervision, for which he won a State Natural Science Award in 1982.
Asteroid 215023 Huangjiqing, discovered by the PMO NEO Survey Program in 2009, was named in his memory.