Hugh Sempill (or Semple; in Latin Hugo Simpelius or Sempilius; 1589 – 19 September 1654) was a Scottish Jesuit mathematician and linguist.

Sempill's De Mathematicis disciplinis Libri duodecim (Antwerp, ex officina B. Moreti, 1635), dedicated to Philip IV of Spain, was a work that was read across Europe (his work was cited, for example, by the Jesuit Philippus Brietius in the Frenchman's own Parallela Geographiae).

He gives a short historical account, with references to contemporary mathematicians, and then contrasts the views of Aristotle (which he follows) with more contemporaneous authors who cast doubts on the possibility of fitting mathematics as a science into the cadre of knowledge.

In the remaining chapters he considers: geometry and arithmetic, which are dealt with briefly; optics; statics, in which a variety of mechanical topics including pyrotechnics and automata are considered; music; cosmography; geography, in which he includes a discussion on the Americas, using Spanish as well as Latin in the heading of a table concerning rents of metropolitan churches and cathedrals; hydrography, air, atmosphere, the sunset, meteorites, volcanoes, and comets; astronomy, in which a reference is made to Copernicus' astronomical observations; astrology, in which he discusses licit and illicit astrology, and reproduces the papal bull of Pope Sixtus V refuting astrology; and, in the last chapter, the calendar.

In 1642 Sempill published, in Madrid, Experientia mathematica de compositione numerorum, linearum, quadratorum, &c. , in which he discusses basic algebra.