Educated in the local Gymnasium, he began studying medicine at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague in 1905.

[2] He became Deputy Landesleiter (state leader) of the illegal Nazi Party under Josef Leopold in autumn 1936 and held this post until 1938.

On 11 March 1938, Jury was appointed Minister for Social Administration in the short-lived federal government of now-Chancellor Seyss-Inquart.

On 24 May, he was named Landeshauptmann for the state of Lower Austria, thus uniting under his control the highest party and governmental offices in his jurisdiction.

Jury particularly was interested in "Germanizing" his home region of Moravia, some administrative districts of which were administered as part of Reichsgau Niederdonau.

On 23 March 1945, Jury attended a conference with Himmler, other Austrian Nazi leaders and the commandant of the Mauthausen concentration camp.

[4] Towards the end of the war, when Vienna was in peril of falling to the Red Army, Jury fled westward and arrived in Krems.

After the final collapse of Nazi Germany, on the night of 8 May 1945, Hugo Jury committed suicide by shooting himself in the town of Zwettl.