Following the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, many Huguenots fled France for various parts of the world, including Charleston.

[6] Peter Manigault, once the wealthiest man in the British North American colonies, is buried in the church cemetery.

[7] The Huguenots, who were French Calvinists who faced suppression in France, began to settle in other areas in the sixteenth century, founding such failed colonies as Fort Caroline in Florida and Charlesfort in modern South Carolina, as well as settling in established areas, such as South Africa, Britain, and existing colonies such as New Netherlands and Virginia.

[6] A group of 45 Huguenots arrived in Charleston in April 1680, having been sent to the colony by the English King Charles II to work as artisans, and began holding sporadic services the following year.

[8] Huguenots continued to migrate to Carolina throughout the first half of the 18th century, though most of their congregations were gradually absorbed into the Episcopal Church.

[5] This third church sustained damage during the Civil War and the Charleston Earthquake of 1886, and was restored with funds from Huguenot descendant Charles Lanier of New York.

Due to a decline in membership in the early 19th century, the church began translating its French liturgy into English in 1828.

The interior consists of walls with plaster ribbed grained vaulting, with marble tablets etched with names of Huguenot families.