Sigismund of Luxembourg, after his narrow escape to his homeland, found himself confronted by fierce opposition from supporters of Ladislaus of Naples, notably led by Stephen II Lackfi and István Simontornyai.

By the spring of 1408, Sigismund led a formidable army into Bosnia, a portion of which he dispatched to aid Serbian prince Stefan Lazarević in repelling the advances of the Rumelian emir Süleyman Çelebi.

Mehmed's decisive incursion into Europe in 1413, buoyed by the defection of Serbian voivode Stefan, resulted in the unification of the Ottoman Empire under his rule after the victory at the Battle of Çamurlu over Musa.

The ensuing Battle of Doboj on August 6, 1415, marked a significant setback for Hungary as the cunning tactics of the Turkish-South Slavic forces led to the capture of the three Hungarian generals and the decimation of their army.

[1] Sigismund's frantic efforts to contain the Turkish advance saw him dispatch reinforcements and seek aid from neighboring powers like King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland and Prince Vytautas of Lithuania, albeit with limited success.

[6] Sigismund's active stance against the Turkish threat in 1419 saw him leading a campaign, possibly in support of Mircea in Wallachia or in defense of strategic points like Nicopolis or Nis, reconquering the Banate of Severin from the Ottomans.