Hydropneumothorax is defined as the presence of both air and fluid within the pleural space.

[1] An upright chest x-ray will show air fluid levels.

The horizontal fluid level is usually well defined and extends across the whole length of one of the hemithorax.

Ultrasound imaging has also proven to be a useful tool for hydropneumothorax diagnoses by looking for the absence of the characteristic "curtain sign" usually seen in ultrasound images at the base of healthy lungs.

[2] Treatment includes intercostal drainage (ICD) of fluid and air and treatment of underlying conditions.