Hyeong
In such competitions, hyeong are evaluated by a panel of judges who base the score on many factors including energy, precision, speed, and control.
Creative hyeong are created by the performer and are generally more acrobatic in nature and do not necessarily reflect the kinetic principles intrinsic in any martial system.
Beginning in 1946, shortly after the conclusion of the Japanese occupation of Korea, new martial arts schools called kwans were opened in Seoul.
[10] In addition, Kim J.C., Park Jong Soo, and Lee Byung Moo are thought to have developed four of the Ch'ang Hon patterns (Eui-Am, Moon-Moo, Yong-Gae & So-San) in 1968.
천지 / 天地 – 19 movements Literally, Cheon-Ji (or Chon-Ji) means "heaven and earth" and refers to the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, and thus is the initial pattern learned by the beginner.
Unusually for a teul, all the punches in Dan-Gun are high section (at eye level), symbolizing Dangun scaling a mountain.
(Note that Encyclopedia of TaeKwon-Do – 15 Volume Set – by General Choi Hong Hi states Dosan's birth year incorrectly as 1876)[12] 원효 / 元曉 – 28 movements This pattern is named after the noted monk Wonhyo who introduced Buddhism to the Silla dynasty in the year 686 AD.
율곡 / 栗谷 – 38 movements Yul-Gok is a pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536–1584) nicknamed the "Confucius of Korea".
퇴계 / 退溪 – 37 movements Toi-Gye is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century), an authority on neo-Confucianism.
화랑 / 花郎 – 29 movements Hwa-Rang is named after the Hwarang youth group that originated under the Silla dynasty roughly 1350 years ago.
The reason this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the King.
광개 / 廣開 – 39 movements Gwang-Gae (or Kwang-Gae) is named after the famous Kwang-Gae-Toh-Wang, the 19th king of the Goguryeo dynasty, who achieved the greatest territorial expansion including the greater part of Manchuria.
포은 / 圃隱 – 36 movements Po Eun is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chŏng Mong-ju who was a distinguished scholar of neo-Confucianism during the Goryeo dynasty.
충장 / 忠壯 – 52 movements Chung-Jang (or Choong-Jang) is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Yi dynasty, 14th century.
This pattern ends with a left hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity.
Go-Dang was a famous South Korean anti-communist, and when Choi began to spread his art throughout the world, and to North Korea in particular, he removed this pattern so as not to offend anyone.
The ready posture signifies a sword drawn to the right rather than the left side, symbolizing Yoo Sin's mistake of following his king's orders to fight with foreign forces (Tang dynasty of China) against his own people (Goguryeo and Baik-je).
최영 / 崔榮 – 45 movements Choe-Yeong (or Choi-Yong) is named after General Ch'oe Yŏng, Premier and Commander-in Chief of the armed forces during the 14th century Goryeo dynasty.
연개 / 淵蓋 – 49 movements Yeon-Gae (or Yon-Gae) is named after the famous general Yon Gae Somoon during the Goguryeo dynasty.
(This pattern normally resides between Choi Yong and Se-Jong) 을지 / 乙支 – 42 movements Eul-Ji (or Ul-Ji) is named after general Eulji Mundeok who successfully defended Goguryeo against a Sui invasion force of over one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612AD.
The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Sa Myung Dang.
Rhee choreographed several dances in ballet style, based on Tae Kwon Do moves, and set them to classical music, including Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and the theme from Exodus.
There is great reason to believe that Hwang Kee based his Korean Kicho hyeong on the Japanese Taikyoku kata.
Nevertheless, as its name implies, this form is of the most profound character and one to which, upon mastery of the art of karate, an expert will return to select it as the ultimate training kata” (page 42, ‘Karate-Do Kyohan’).
To make them easier to learn and safer for younger practitioners, the form was divided, and the more dangerous and lethal techniques were removed.
The phrase "Pyong Ahn" (平安, 평안) is a direct Korean translation of the Kanji/Hanja characters that spell the word Pinan/Heian in Japanese.
His training with “Wing Chun” instructors inspired the creation of this poomsae series and is very evident in its flowing techniques and its overall presentation.
The foremost living authority on the poomsae series is Grandmaster Robert Frankovich (8th Dan, Song Moo Kwan).
The name Cheonbong (sometimes spelled as “Chung Bong”) was initially only verbally communicated through the lineage of its practitioners and as such passed down to GM Frankovich.
[16]” Since the publication of GM Frankovich’s book, a number of Song Moo Kwan Taekwondo schools have begun teaching one of more of these poomsae and their popularity is ever growing.
