Hyperthermophile

Some of these bacteria are able to live at temperatures greater than 100 °C, deep in the ocean where high pressures increase the boiling point of water.

Hyperthermophiles isolated from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park were first reported by Thomas D. Brock in 1965.

[4] The most extreme hyperthermophiles live on the superheated walls of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, requiring temperatures of at least 90 °C for survival.

An extraordinary heat-tolerant hyperthermophile is Geogemma barossii (Strain 121),[5] which has been able to double its population during 24 hours in an autoclave at 121 °C (hence its name).

[8][9] Due to their extreme environments, hyperthermophiles can be adapted to several variety of factors such as pH, redox potential, level of salinity, and temperature.

It grows on many different sugars such as starch, maltose, and cellobiose, that once in the cell are transformed to glucose, but other organic substrates can be used as carbon and energy sources.

Based on their simple growth requirements, hyperthermophiles could grow in any hot water-containing site, potentially even on other planets and moons like Mars and Europa.