Others are able to operate in a decentralized manner with no NVR needed, as the camera is able to record directly to any local or remote storage media.

[3] Although the product was advertised to be accessible from anywhere with an internet connection,[4] the camera was not capable of streaming real-time video, and was limited to returning a single image for each request in the Common Intermediate Format (CIF).

This limitation can be attributed to the lack of powerful integrated circuits capable of handling image processing at the time of release.

As a result, the camera was aimed primarily at the tourism industry, and not intended to replace traditional analog CCTV systems.

[7] With advancements in cloud infrastructure, Ring (owned by Amazon, U.S.), released its first IP Camera doorbell targeted for home use in 2014.

With the success of IP Cameras, other companies such as Nest (owned by Google, U.S.) released similar cloud-based devices.

[8] Previous generations of analog CCTV cameras use established broadcast television formats (e.g. CIF, NTSC, PAL, and SECAM).

Consumer IP cameras used for home security typically send live video to a companion app on a user's device.

IP cameras typically don't require professional installation saving time for home and business owners.

Many cameras offer features such as a wide-angle lens, low-light or night vision capabilities, and motion detection.

[15] People in countries that suffer from high crime rates, particularly robbery and theft, are keen to adopt home security cameras.

Advantages to this approach include: The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has expressed privacy concerns if AI is widely practiced.

This risk can be mitigated by securing the network via Firewall rules designed to restrict access to the device, and by keeping software and firmware up to date.

[30] In 2014, it was reported that a Insecam site indexed 73,011 locations worldwide with security cameras that used default usernames and passwords, and were therefore, unprotected.