It was given a name distinct from iOS, the operating system used by Apple's iPhones to reflect the diverging features of the two product lines, such as multitasking.

The operating system initially had rough feature parity running on the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad, with variations in user interface depending on screen size, and minor differences in the selection of apps included.

On June 7, 2021, at WWDC 2021, iPadOS 15 was announced with widgets on the Home Screen and App Library, the same features that came to iPhone with iOS 14 in 2020.

On June 6, 2022, at WWDC 2022, iPadOS 16 was announced with a Weather app[11] and Stage Manager,[12] along with most of the features included in iOS 16, excluding a customizable lock screen.

The Lock Screen receives a significant makeover in iPadOS 17, allowing users to personalize it with widgets and fonts for a unique look.

Collaboration features in Messages and FaceTime are significantly improved, making it easier for users to connect and work with others on projects or ideas.

New accessibility features like Screen Distance and improved Voice Control expand usability options for a wider range of users, ensuring that everyone can maximize their productivity and enjoyment with their iPad.