Ibrahim of Ghazna

[9] Ibrahim rebuilt towns and settlements and instituted a vigorous policy for the restoration of social peace and economic prosperity in the Ghaznavid empire, which had been initiated by his brother Farrukh-Zad.

[12] However, for reasons unknown, Mahmud fell out of favor, was imprisoned in the fortress of Nay and his brother, Mas'ud, took his place as governor of India.

[13] Shorn of its western land, it was increasingly sustained by riches accrued from raids across Northern India, where it faced stiff resistance from Indian rulers such as the Paramara of Malwa and the Gahadvala of Kannauj.

His army met with initial success, capturing Seljuk sultan Malik Shah's uncle, Usman Chaghri Beg, who was sent to Ghazna.

The military commander at Lahore, Abdul Najam Zarir Shaybani, carried out successful raids against the Hindu cities of Benares, Thanesar, and Kannauj.

Another main achievement of Ibrahim's reign was the rise of Lahore as a great cultural center under the viceroyalty of his grandson Shirzad.

Page from the Qur'an made for Ibrahim by calligrapher and illuminator Osman b. Hosayn al-Warraq al-Ghaznavi. Qur'anic text in bold, angular script, Persian translation and commentary of Abu Nasr Ahmad b. Mohammad Haddadi (d. after 1009) in a lighter, rounded script. It is the earliest dated manuscript with a Persian translation and commentary accompanying the Qur'anic text. Ghazna (probably), 1091. Topkapı Palace Museum Library [ 1 ]