Ignazio Paternò Castello, Prince of Biscari (1722 – 1 September 1786) was an Italian polymath, antiquarian, patron of the arts, and member of the House of Paternò, a major Sicilian noble family.

His fondness for he classical heritage and his endowment as a prince, allowed him to foster many excavations and restorations of ancient monuments in Sicily, and collected a large collection of Greco-Roman artifacts, including vases, urns, medals and coins.

He was granted honorary membership in the Royal Society of London, the Academy of Bordeaux, the Accademia della Crusca and of the Georgofili of Florence, of the Arcadi of Rome, as well as academies in Naples, Palermo, and in his home of Catania.

He employed the architect Francesco Battaglia to refurbish his Palazzo Biscari in Catania.

This palace once held many of his collections, but they are now housed in the Museo Civico Castello Ursino.