During the same period, he was a member of the Public Council at the Government Commission of Russian Federation on the reform of railway transport.

On March 9, 2004, Levitin was appointed Minister of Transport and Communications (Russian: Министр транспорта и связи) in Mikhail Fradkov's First Cabinet.

About two thousand officials were dismissed across regional and local bodies, while the Ministry apparatus faced a fourfold reduction.

[19] As a result, in spring 2007 Russia and Latvia finally signed the border agreement, which had long been a controversial issue.

In December 2007, Levitin and Foreign Minister of Lithuania Petras Vaitiekūnas signed an agreement on navigation in Curonian Lagoon as well as inland waterways of Kaliningrad Oblast.

[20][21][22] In late October 2008, Levitin was elected chairman of the board of directors at Aeroflot, one of the biggest Russian carriers.

[24] On 25 September 2013 he became deputy chairman of the Presidential Council of the Russian Federation on the development of physical culture and sport.

With support of Levitin, table tennis centres have been created in several cities of Russia, including Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg (Olympic training centre for Russian national teams and Tatiana Ferdman’s Table Tennis School), Kazan, Sorochinsk, Orenburg, and the Chuvash Republic.

Procedures of rehabilitation and training have been set, which involve high profile physicians, psychologists, massage therapists, and foreign specialists.

Under Levitin, the board of trustees organises regular seminars and workshops for coaches and referees in various regions of Russia.

Russian clubs are attended by Vladimir Samsonov (Belarus), Dimitrij Ovtcharov (Germany), and Jun Mizutani (Japan).

With the support of the Referee Committee of the Federation, Levitin is improving the rules and the system of running the competition in table tennis.

He was president of European Table Tennis Union until March 2022, when he stepped down temporarily due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

[32][33] In March 2023, Levitin expressed his confidence that temporarily suspended Russian athletes would be allowed to participate at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.