Igor Aleksandrovič Mel'čuk, sometimes Melchuk (Russian: Игорь Александрович Мельчук; Ukrainian: Ігор Олександрович Мельчук; born 1932) is a Soviet and Canadian linguist, a retired professor at the Department of Linguistics and Translation, Université de Montréal.

He graduated from the Moscow State University's Philological department and worked from 1956 till 1976 for the Institute of Linguistics in Moscow.

He is known as one of the developers of Meaning–text theory with the seminal book published in 1974.

He is also the author of Cours de morphologie générale in 5 volumes.

After making statements in support of Soviet dissidents Andrey Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel he was fired from the Institute, and subsequently emigrated from the Soviet Union in 1976.