Ilan Goldfajn (born 12 March 1966) is a Brazilian economist, former governor of the Central Bank of Brazil and former director of the International Monetary Fund's Western Hemisphere Department.

On September 13, 2021, he was appointed Director of the IMF's Western Hemisphere Department by Director-General Kristalina Georgieva, to assume office on January 3, 2022.

[8] He helped countries implement IMF-supported programs to address an array of challenges and also contributed to shaping the region’s policy dialogue on climate change, which led to the IMF’s first Resilience and Sustainability Facility.

[11] Goldfajn has also held several consultant roles at top international finance and governance institutions, including the World Bank, the United Nations and the IMF.

He has taught economics at various universities in Brazil and the United States, has been an editor of several publications and has published numerous articles and books.