The illegal activities may include corruption, cybercrime, money laundering, violence, felonies, extortion, racketeering and drug trafficking.
Suharto, who was variously described as a military dictator by international observers,[2][3] ruled Indonesia under an authoritarian regime until his resignation in 1998 following nationwide unrest.
[7][8][9] Under Suharto, the Indonesian economy experienced lopsided growth, as people around him grew richer and the poor became poorer.
Novanto was linked to a multi-million dollar corruption case involving electronic identity cards, costing Indonesia $170 million in state losses.
[17] The cheaper costs appeal to lower and middle class buyers, the country stands to lose about 6 trillion rupiah per year.
[22] The crime rate for pick pocketing and credit card scamming in Indonesia is also high, which could be a result of income inequality between different segments of the population.
Block M and Glodok, areas in South and North Jakarta respectively, are known for high rates of criminal activity, sometimes attributed to local bars and clubs.
The author of The Spirit Level, Richard Wilkinson, who is also the co-founder of Equality Trust, argued that over 60 papers have stated that greater income inequality results in higher homicide rates.
She was found dead in her back yard in Bali in June 2015, after her family announced her disappearance on social media.
On 14 January 2016, there were seven suicide bombings and a string of gunfights in Jakarta, all believed to have been coordinated by the Islamic State (ISIS).
[29] About 17 people were wounded and it took security forces three hours to end the terror that happened near the Starbucks café in Sarinah.
[30] Indonesian borders lack security and people easily cross over with drugs, natural resources, and migrants.
[34] The nation's constitution stated above also allows underage children (17 years and below) to be sentenced to rehabilitation instead of being treated like an adult in prisons.
But if rejected, instead of life imprisonment, the accused drug dealers may end up on the death row; therefore, making this appeal less than ideal.
Men, women, and children are forced into labor or sex related trafficking and Indonesia has been serving as the destination and transit country for these illegal acts over the past 5 years.
[36] It is thought that there are around 1.9 million Indonesians working abroad,[36] namely Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI), with expired visas.
[36] In 2016, there were an estimated 56,000 underage children who were victims of sex trafficking, with a higher ratio of boys than girls being involved.
[39] In labor exploitation, victims suffer psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, including deprivation of daily necessities such as food and water, ideological pressure, and forced consumption of alcohol and narcotics.
[39] People who escape human trafficking require specialized support including therapy, as they may develop trust issues, hatred for others, self-hatred, post-traumatic stress, depression, self-harm, and many other problems.