He made his debut in the Russian Professional Football League for Strogino Moscow on 20 July 2015 in a game against Dolgoprudny.

[1] He made his Russian Premier League debut for Spartak Moscow on 25 April 2019 in a game against Arsenal Tula, as a starter.

[2] On 22 February 2022, Gaponov joined Krylia Sovetov Samara on loan.

[3] On 30 May 2022, Gaponov moved to Krylia Sovetov on a permanent basis and signed a three-year contract.

This biographical article related to a Russian association football defender born in 1997 is a stub.