The Incan caenolestid is the sole member of its genus, Lestoros, and is placed in the family Caenolestidae (shrew opossums).

[5] In the latter part of 20th century, scientists believed that Lestoros is closely related to Caenolestes (common shrew opossums).

[11] This caenolestid has a relatively stronger cranium and shorter mandible, suggesting that it can feed on tougher material than can other shrew opossums.

[11] The long, blade-like structure of the molars and premolars could suggest a diet of soft invertebrates.

The study noted several differences in the dentition of the Incan caenolestid and common shrew opossums.

It is found mainly in the southern Peruvian Andes, and its range extends from southeastern Peru to the extreme west of Bolivia in northwestern South America.

[8][11] The Incan caenolestid is classified as least concern by the IUCN due to its wide distribution in its local habitat, presumably large population, and occurrence across several protected areas.